Tuesday, June 4, 2013

Book Review: Che in Paona Bazaar

Thriving against odds

The North-East India has never been part of the mainstream narrative or development discourse in India. Ridden with armed conflicts over the years it has been treated like an imaginary flotsam. But senior journalist Kishlay Bhattacharjee tries to break this mindset through his new book. He asserts that North-East India is not an imagined community separated from the policies that govern the rest of the country. Che in Paona Bazaar: Tales of Exile and Belonging from India’s North East explores the landscape of distant corners of the region and dwells upon the life of ordinary men and women to capture their experiences. In his 17 years as a TV journalist, Bhattacharjee first gave voice to their stories. Now he has done this with words over 241 pages.

Why did he write this book? Bhattacharjee understands how media struggles to tell their stories. Bhattacharjee admits that he too struggled to represent the voice of the people there because it would be one story in weeks and he felt it was inadequate. So he decided the book has to be in the voices of those people and the author alone. “In my long years of interaction with the people of North East, I’ve felt  they could neither speak the truth of their experience nor even make it hear through the mainstream Indian media. This is an attempt to make readers interact with the real people and not imagined communities.”

However, the book is limited to certain areas in the region - Manipur, Guwahati and Shillong. But it is Manipur’s music, dance, food and the stories of its people that dominate the book.

Employing a fragmented narrative structure, Bhattacharjee chooses to tell the story through a young female protagonist, Eshei-part real and part fictional character. According to the author, she embodies the experiences of growing up, navigating through youth, love and loss amid conflict but is also faced with the universal trials of everyday reality.

Realising that conflicts make for interesting stories, Bhattacharjee weaves the story of Eshei growing up in an almost dysfunctional society and how she comes to terms with the baggage of violence and sessionism.

Employing the power of the interview to reveal, Bhattacharjee succeeds in tapping a cross-section of people and in each of them found “a courageous willingness to reopen wounds which they had hidden, sometimes even from themselves”. The book is full of these interactions.

As for the title, Che Guevara is the most popular face in Paona Bazaar, the author says. The market has almost everything in store for anyone – umbrellas for as low as Rs 50, Levi’s canvases for Rs 100, high-quality pirated Hollywood films and music videos for as cheap as Rs 35 and colourful blankets.“Ironically the red armies of Manipur haven’t quite adopted him, so thanks to a global fashion statement, Che became young Manipur’s icon years before his global demand.

“Chinese manufacturers have imprinted his face on virtually everything. I found a calendar with garam masala sachets hanging from the month of December in a rundown tea shop which had Che Guevara images. Badges with Che’s face are available in the most unlikely of places, such as an HIV drop-in centre,” Bhattacharjee writes.

“Even Fat James’ restaurant in Churachandpur has a Che face painted on the guitar standing in one corner for anyone to pick up and strum.”

Poana Bazaar in the title is traced to Poanam Nawal Singh, a  Major in the Manipur Army who refused surrender to the British forces.
Despite being an outsider, Bhattacharjee, a Bengali brought up in Shillong, is able to bring out the local cuisine, music, their history or even their biases in great detail. Also funny incidents involving bhoot jolokia also finds mention in the book.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
IIPM’s Management Consulting Arm-Planman Consulting
Professor Arindam Chaudhuri – A Man For The Society….
IIPM: Indian Institute of Planning and Management
IIPM makes business education truly global
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri
Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman

ExecutiveMBA

Monday, June 3, 2013

Live and let die

Why should farmer deaths cause a ripple unless the state rushes in to wipe their tears?

Ask any Congress worker who is Kalawati Bandurkar. The chances are that he will say she is the poor farm widow from Yavatmal district of Vidarbha whose husband Parshuram had committed suicide on December 23, 2005 because of the agrarian crisis. He will remember this woman because the Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi had mentioned her name in the Lok Sabha in 2008 after paying a visit to her house in Yavatmal to console her.

But ask the same Congressman who is  Savita Khamamkar or Sanjay Kalaskar, the chances are that he may draw a blank. Savita is Kalawati’s second daughter who committed suicide in 2011 by dousing herself with kerosene and Sanjay Kalaskar is the husband of her sixth daughter Papita who committed suicide in 2010 because he could not repay the loans which he had taken from the banks for farming and purchasing an autorickshaw. Savita took this extreme step when she realised that her agricultural land did not yeild anything and that her husband Diwakar faced the prospect of defaulting on a loan. Sanjay Kalaskar ended his life for the same reason – debt.

Excuse the politicians if they only remember the name  of Kalawati Bandurkar. Why would death of farmers in Vidarbha make news unless the State rushes in to wipe their tears? In fact, in Vidarbha death of farmer is not news. It is just plain statistics. Suicides among farmers like these in Vidarbha are not isolated cases but have been preceded by many such incidences in the past and are happening in the present.

According to Kalawati, Savita was suffering from stomach ulcer and was not keeping well. Her husband borrowed money from banks and other people but was unable to repay the loan because of the ongoing agrarian crisis. The anxiety of the fallout of a loan default and the fear of the consequence prompted her to end her life.
“I always tried to help my daughters and sons-in-law through my limited resources. But it seems no one in the region is able to cope up with the agrarian crisis which has assumed gigantic proportions,” she adds.

The former Sarpanch of Seoni village in Yavatmal district and a farmer leader of the area Mohan Jadhav claims that on an average three farmers commit suicide every 24 hours in Vidarbha because of agrarian crisis. He blames the government for its apathy. “If the government wants to prevent farmer suicides, the least it could do is to come out with a food security programme for all the distressed farmers of Vidarbha and waive all the crop loans to them ensuring that the defaulters get fresh loans next season.” It might be noted here that the former President of the BJP Nitin Gadkari belongs to the Vidarbha region and was forced to step down because of allegations of financial impropriety. In his defence, Gadkari has maintained that it was his mission to transform the lives of farmers in Vidarbha and stop the step motherly treatment being meted out to them by politicians from other regions of the state. Of course, while politicians trade allegations, the farmers continue their march towards penury and starvation.

Kishore Tiwari of Vidarbha Janandolan Samiti, which has been documenting farmers suicides in the region since 2001, squarely blames the government for the problems of farmers. He says government has failed to bail out the crisis-ridden farmers in Vidarbha region. “The relief packages hardly had any effect among the farmers as susbtantial amount of funds were siphoned off by the ruling politicians,” he alleges. According to Tiwari around 12,000 farmers have killed themselves in Maharashtra since 2001, a majority of them from Vidarbha and Marathwada. The most suicide-prone districts of Vidarbha are Amravati, Yavatmal, Buldhana, Akola, Washim and Wardha.

Noted  agro-economist Dr. Srinivas Khadewale says that crop failure and loan burden from banks and private money lenders are two important factors that are responsible for pushing the farmers to the edge. “In addition to this the cotton growers in the region did not get a good support price for their raw cotton this year and the production was also meagre because of scanty rainfall, " he says.

According to him, the government should provide food security and employment to the farmers under the national rural employment scheme immediately to prevent suicides. The former Shetkari Sangathana President Vijay Jawandhia points out that the farmers are not getting remunerative prices for their agriculture produce while the agro-input costs have shot up in the recent past. The guarantee price of raw cotton was fixed at Rs 3,850 per quintal while the cost of production was around Rs 4,200. “How can the farmers cope up with such a situation with such meagre remunerative price?” he queries. He says “besides maximum agricultural land is non-irrigated. Hardly 11 percent areas in the region are irrigated and crop failure because of scanty rainfall is very high in the area.”
 
The tragedy for Maharashtra is that the agrarian crisis has now spread beyond Vidarbha to all parts of the state. Many analysts reckon that the state is facing its worst drought in more than 40 years. What is astonishing is how the lack of rains has exposed the hollow claims of Maharashtra politicians and bureaucrats that the state has invested heavily in irrigation. Over the last decade and a half, it is estimated that more than Rs 80,000 crore has been allocated to shore up irrigation facilities in the state. But the sordid fact is that most of that money seems to have been siphoned away by vested interests. You might recall that there was a huge uproar a while back over the so-called irrigation scam. The nephew of Sharad Pawar and the Deputy Chief Minister of the state Ajit Pawar, who has been handling the irrigation ministry for more than a decade, was compelled to resign from the cabinet over allegations of corruption. But then the government presented a white paper that absolved all politicians of any wrong doing and the junior Pawar is back in the cabinet. Many mainstream media outlets including news channels, newspapers and magazines have highlighted the scam and the acute distress being faced by farmers in Maharashtra. Nothing much has happened. The Marathwada region, dominated by politicians like Sharad Pawar, is as badly hit as Vidarbha.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Saturday, June 1, 2013

Paresh holds the key

The fifth round of tripartite talks promises some hope in Assam but key issues remain unresolved, reports Dulal Misra

Kindling hopes of hammering out a peace settlement in the immediate foreseeable future, the fifth round of tripartite talks between Assam, the Central government and rebel ULFA on March 7 at North Block, were described as 'fruitful.' Terror-shackled Assam could do with some peace, and some hope, however tenuous, has arisen.

Till now, four rounds of such dialogue have largely meandered without any visible sense of direction, the last of them having been held in June 2012 where the pro-dialogue ULFA leaders reiterated their common charter of demands, the most significant of them being a constitutional amendment to protect the political and economic rights of the indigenous people of Assam so that locals get to control the state's natural resources.

In addition, the agitators want a status sheet of missing ULFA leaders and cadres during security operations in Bhutan, 2005. The seven-member ULFA delegation was led by ULFA chairman Arabinda Rajkhowa and the centre was represented by Union Home Secretary R K Singh and Joint Secretary Home Ministry Shambhu Singh. The Assam government was represented by state Chief Secretary Naba Kumar Das and Home Commissioner Sailesh. Central interlocutor P C Halder was also present.

The main point is this: what consensus have the hour-long talks arrived at? As ever, while there was agreement on all sides that peace be established at any cost, there appeared to be no consensus on how to get there. While Rajkhowa sought necessary steps to amend the Constitution of India, the Home Secretary indicated that constitutional amendments like the ones demanded by the ULFA were a big ticket call but that the government will take all steps necessary to solve problems faced by indigenous Assamese.

Clearly, the sorest point of the negotiations remain the status of the ULFA faction led by Commander-in-Chief Paresh Barua, who is opposed to any dialogue with the government and is currently estimated to operate out of the dense forests of Myanmar. Barua says there cannot be any talks if the issue of sovereignty is not put on the table. His hard stand and absence from the scene ensures that the peace talks will be held ransom to illogical and unreasonable demands – and without a cogent end.

Pro-talk ULFA member Diganta Phukan says he is watching. "The talk process has moved in the right direction. But I am not too hopeful about the outcome. One ULFA faction still operates under the open skies of Myanmar. The Indian government and army can't do much as international laws bar any Indian military action against Paresh Baruah in Myanmarese territory. Barua is taking advantage by continuing his ‘struggle’ from that country. This is the great bottleneck in the peace process. I think the Indian government should first convince Paresh Barua to come to the table to ensure a solution of the three-decade-long insurgency in Assam," he told TSI.

Concurs senior journalist Hilloljyoti Bhitoruwal Phukan, "The peace process with ULFA is going in the right direction but I doubt if it can ensure a permanent solution to insurgency in Assam. It the government fails to bring Paresh Barua for talks, the peace process will not be a complete one."

Some hope has also come from Rajkhowa's statement earlier this month that ULFA general secretary Anup Chetia alias Golap Barua may also join the tripartite talks. Chetia has for years made Bangladesh the launching pads of his operations against India. He was arrested in 1997 on charges of illegally staying in Bangladesh, possessing forged passports and foreign currency. After ending his prison term in 2004, he has sought political asylum in Bangladesh. Since then, India has unsuccessfully asked the Bangladeshi government to hand him over at several bilateral meetings, but now with a friendly government in Dhaka, things could be changing.

The Union government's record of conducting peace talks with insurgent groups in North-East India has been patchy. For instance, peace talks with Naga extremist group NSCN (IM) has not made any significant breakthrough despite more than 12 rounds of discussions.

Social activist Prasanta Baruah, told TSI that the "Centre has not taken the problem of insurgency in Assam seriously. The ULFA problem is three-decades old. First the government used military force. That has created more complications. Delhi should find out the root cause of insurgency. It is clear that economic backwardness is the root cause of dissatisfaction of the people of the North East. That needs to be tackled. In the peace process, Paresh Barua is the main hurdle. He is stuck on issue of sovereignty of Assam. But it is an unrealistic dream. History says that no sovereign state was formed with an unorganized and scattered armed revolution. According to my view, ULFA is now an unorganized organization which has a number of factions."


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Thursday, May 30, 2013

Book Review: How it happened

A portent of greatness

Marriage the world over, is one of the most important events that happens in the lifetime of an individual. However, in the subcontinent, it is a different thing all together. What with complicated customs, designed seemingly for the sole purpose of torturing the very souls of the participants, it becomes a free for all for the entire community, right from the choice of the partners, down to the very consummation. For someone who has not been to an Indian marriage, or Pakistani marriage for that matter, cannot really imagine all that it entails. Shazaf Fatima Haider does a delightful job of distilling the essence of all the neurotic activity that goes behind a Pakistani marriage in her maiden novel How it happened.

She tells the tale of the Bandiyan clan, a Shia Syedd family descended from the village of Bhakuraj in the undivided India, represented by the 15 year old narrator Saleha Bandiyan, her elder siblings Haroon and Zeba, her parents and her grandmother, the self-styled matriarch of the family. Gulbahar Dadi, the said matriarch, has very set ideas on how things are supposed to be done, “the Bhakuraj way”. Her most staunch ideas are on one is aught to get married.

For her, there is only one way to get married – the parents of the bride and groom meet, decide whether the families are compatible and then set the ball moving on the marriage. The people getting married seldom meet, if at all before they have tied the knot. By her own admission, she is quite “mordren” and some concessions, like letting the two meet before the marriage, are permissible. But blasphemy like “dating-shating” is absolutely and completely not done.

When she tries to get her grandson married, she even has a checklist for the eligible girl. Apart from the general points like she has to be a Syedda and chaste, there are a few rather interesting riders like she has to be “fully female”, a “full virgin” (“Girls who had been kissed or have had boyfriends are only half or quarter virgins”) and not “The Lesbian”. For her, both her grandchildren are God’s gift to humanity and whoever turns out to be their spouse would be blessed to be so.

The novel goes on to tell the story of how both her elder grandchildren manage to subvert her authority and marry people of their own choice. While one does it in a subtle and delicate fashion, the other does so with all the finesse of a runaway train. But on both occasions, the matriarch ultimately accepts the marriage, and forces her way of doing thing on every body.
As a piece of literature, this is an important book as it heralds the arrival of a novelist of prodigious skill. Haider’s prose is sparkling and easy to read. Told in the voice of a precocious, slightly bratty teenager, it is witty and thoroughly enjoyable.

The characters who people the tale are all well fleshed out and believable, Haroon and the modern yet obedient son and Zeba as the rebellious, caustic and tough-as-nails-but-capable-of great -tenderness daughter. But the obvious centrepiece is Dadi and she steals the show all the way.

Many, especially those from the West, might feel the portrayal is exaggerated, to the point of being a caricature. They would be dead wrong. Gulbahar Bibi is a classic example of the ubiquitous grandmother or ageing aunt without whom no family of the sub-continent is complete. She is of stout health yet possesses the unique ability to faint at the drop of a hat. She is not rigid and does not insist on having her own way, as long as you do exactly what she wants, and how she wants it. She is loving and caring to  fault, but cross her at your own peril.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
IIPM’s Management Consulting Arm-Planman Consulting
Professor Arindam Chaudhuri – A Man For The Society….
IIPM: Indian Institute of Planning and Management
IIPM makes business education truly global
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri
Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman

ExecutiveMBA

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Why Azaadi will remain a dream for Kashmir

There is little doubt that kashmiris have a case for freedom. but geopolitics will ensure that their dreams will wither away

Just the other day, I posted a status update on Facebook that said: For every Afzal killed by hanging, I am a Kashmiri. That should easily sum up my feelings and opinions on the ever controversial issue of Kashmir and the people of Kashmir valley. All of us living in the rest of India must take some time out and introspect on the horrors that people of the valley have faced for more than two decades. More than 50,000 people have died since the valley erupted in revolt in the dark winter of 1989. Do remember, 50,000 killed out of a population of about 3 million. The Indian Army has been forced tarnish its image because of repeated human rights violations. There is little doubt that Kashmiris see army troops and CRPF jawans as occupation soldiers. When you find the time, do read the book Curfewed Nights written by Basharat Peer. It is guaranteed to move even the most cynical of souls without being overtly judgemental and hysterical like the passionate outpourings of activists like Arundhati Roy. There can be absolutely no doubt that a majority of people in the valley would secede from India if they were given a real choice. Yes, the cry for Azaadi is not just a conspiracy hatched by terrorists and the Pakistani army. It is something most Kashmiris passionately believe in. The editor in chief of this magazine has earlier written signed columns saying it might be a good idea for India to give Azaadi to Kashmir. Many well meaning Indians think the same. And not just based on humanitarian considerations. Kashmir is also the excuse that the deep state of Pakistan has handily used to unleash repeated terror attacks across India, leading to thousands of deaths. There are increasing fears – well founded – that the ham handed, incompetent and inhuman manner in which Afzal Guru was hanged will lead to a fresh wave of unrest in the Kashmir valley and a fresh wave of terror attacks from across the border.  So both from a humanitarian and a seemingly pragmatic viewpoint, letting go of Kashmir does seem to make some sense.

But there is a problem here. Let, for the sake of rhetoric, imagine that Arundhati Roy becomes the prime minister of India and leads a cabinet that has ministers like Harsh Mander, Teesta Setalvad, John Dayal and similar souls who can be labeled either as activists with a conscience or pseudo bleeding hearts depending on your ideological viewpoint. I am fairly certain that even that kind of government will find it virtually impossible to let go of Kashmir when the hard reality of geopolitics and realpolitik settles in. There is just no way that Kashmir is going to get Azaadi unless India itself disintegrates. And I do not think even Arundhati Roy would bet any money on the possibility of that happening. Despite my sympathies for the people of Kashmir, I must appeal to them, particularly the younger generation to make the best of a bad deal.

There are three reasons why I think Azaadi for Kashmir will remain a pipe dream. The first is a personal opinion and I may be wrong. I think the people of Kashmir have not displayed enough maturity to run an inclusive republic of their own. No matter what the reason, the exile and plight of Kashmiri Pandits will always be a blot on the people of Kashmir, just as its human rights violations will be a blot on the Indian Army. More dangerously, many recent events have shown that intolerance towards other religions and the misuse of religion to settle scores (a la Pakistan) is threatening to become the norm in the valley. The manner in which a Christian priest was persecuted and hounded out of the valley last year was shocking. The same Grand Mufti that issued a fatwa against three teenage girls forming a rock band had "prosecuted" the Christian priest. Our Srinagar colleague Haroon Reshi has also done stories that show how lumpens use hard line Islamist ideology to hound and harass opponents. There are many who will say that Hindu zealots and fanatics behave in an equally abominable manner in other parts of India. They are absolutely right. But then, there are literally thousands of voices raised daily against such gimmicks of Hindu fanatics by civil society. Sadly, civil society in Kashmir has not proven to be as assertive and loud. But as I said, this is my personal opinion and I may be wrong. But the two other reasons I will cite now have nothing to do with either personal opinion or any emotion. They are based on harsh realities.

Letting go of Kashmir could make life very miserable for Muslims in India. Unlike Pakistan that was created specifically to protect the rights of Muslims, India was created as a secular republic. And the fact is that India has more Muslims than Pakistan. But there is an ugly underbelly to our secular republic. There is no dearth of prejudiced people in government, media, judiciary, civil society, politics et al who either openly or secretly think that Indian Muslims care more about Pakistan than India. This prejudice has been a fact of life since 1947 and being idealistic and spouting Gandhian platitudes is not going to drive it away. That India has not been torn asunder the way Pakistan is being – despite the prejudice I talk about – is because a majority of Hindus and Muslims are sensible citizens who would prefer to at least live and let live. The bitter fact is that the Jammu and Ladakh regions will opt to stay with India and it is only the Kashmir valley with an overwhelmingly large Muslim population that would choose Azaadi. This would inflame passions in the rest of country and the victims would be almost 170 million Muslims of India whose loyalty would again be questioned even though most of them don't identify with the plight of the Kashmiris as they face enough problems of their own. Fanatics belonging to both Hindu and Muslim communities have been spreading enough poison for the last three decades. Their task will be made easier. India will end up with far too many more people like Akbaruddin Owaisi and Praveen Togadia. That is not something that India can handle. I am not talking just about hate speeches and communal riots. I am talking about the real danger of a permanent divide between the two communities. Trust deficit will triumph over common sense.


The third and most important reason is that the very thought of Kashmir as a kind of Switzerland is a chimera. In geopolitical terms, the valley is too strategic an asset to be left alone. There is not an iota of doubt that if all Indian troops exit the Kashmir valley, it will be a matter of time before Pakistan and China gobble up the ill fated region. The only way out is for India, China and Pakistan to give unconditional guarantees that they will let Kashmir be and let it follow its own destiny. In an ideal world visualised by the likes of Mahatma Gandhi, that would be a distant possibility. But sadly, history is testimony to the fact that not a single major power has ever kept lofty promises when it comes to territorial and strategic ambitions. If they had, the world would not have witnessed an unending succession wars throughout history. Let us for a moment presume that someone like Arundhati Roy is leading India and decides that it is okay if Pakistan gobbles up Kashmir. All Kashmiris must ask themselves an honest question: would they like to be gobbled up by Pakistan?
Despite the brave – much braver than Indian I would say – efforts of civil society in that country, fundamentalism is simply ripping the country apart. The ghosts spawned by the likes of former military dictator Zia Ul Haq are now tormenting Pakistan remorselessly. Kashmir as a part of Pakistan would eventually witness the daily bombings, assassinations and mayhem that is pulverising Pakistan. If I were a Kashmiri and I had a guarantee that Kashmir would be truly independent, I would opt to secede. But what if my choice was to become a state of Pakistan? Only Kashmiris can answer that question, if they are honest enough.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Saturday, May 25, 2013

Of Men, Gods and God-men

Bloodshot eyes peering past swirling clouds of potent smoke and matted dread locks, a flash of vermilion streaking through ash smeared limbs, scraggy beards and sinewy limbs crashing into the cold currents at the break of dawn – these are the vignettes that mark the Maha Kumbh Mela, one of the greatest shows on earth.

But the stars of the show, the sadhus, as naked as the day, and yet as mysterious as the night, are still as enigmatic today, as they were centuries ago. To the throngs of believers, these holy renunciates are living gods whose ‘darshan’ alone can do everything short of bringing back the dead. But to others, especially from the cities, singed by tales of con artistes masquerading as sadhus, these naked or saffron clad ascetics are just looking for a holy fig leaf to cover their addictions and sloth.

So who are these men who live on the fringes of society, appearing like apparitions on our streets and temples during festivals, and then disappearing, perhaps in a monastery or a cave on a faraway mountain or a dark forbidding forest? Under the glare of camera flashbulbs and television cameras and the pressure of rival clans and adoring devotees, it is difficult to separate the mask from the man, whether holy or not. So let me take you away from the spiritual cornucopia of the Kumbh for a little walk along the banks of the Ganges…

There you see them now, sadhus, young and old, outside their little thatched huts and tents, practicing austerities. Smoke from the cannabis laced chillums dances with the bold blaze of the sacrificial fires. With wiry vigour, the sadhus coax their bodies, forged by heat and hunger, into demanding hatha yoga postures that they hold for twenty minutes or more, as against the few seconds that you hold your headstands for on your mats. Others are doing tapasya that they need to undertake for twelve years – keeping an arm stretched overhead or standing on one leg, the unused limb withers into a useless stick while the leg on which they stand develops sores and wounds. Still others sit in a ring of fire with a flaming earthen pot balanced on their heads while they meditate. These austerities are all methods to purify and sublimate the spirit often at the cost of the body. But these river banks don’t have all the answers. Where do these sadhus go after the two month long festival? And even more significantly, where do they come from? What do they do through the rest of the year?

Well, I can’t speak for all of them but I could tell you about the ones I have met. Contrary to what you might have been led to believe, the ones I met weren’t rustic simpletons, social outcasts, debt burdened runaways or religious fanatics but urbane, educated professionals who just gave it all up and set off in pursuit of the spirit, within and without…

Baba Budhnath was a small man. Bronzed skin stretched thin over high cheek bones and a broad forehead gave way to bushy eyebrows that tried but couldn’t hide the fire in those flinty gray eyes and a thick white beard. But he moved like a man far taller, with a grace and presence that would have done a taller man proud.

Baba Budhnath had been in the naval officer in his younger days. He claimed he spoke seven languages fluently, including English, Bengali, Russian and Japanese. I didn’t believe him and so I asked him questions in all I knew of those languages. Baba Budhnath’s replies weren’t short on grammar or colour.

But Baba Budhnath had left his sea faring days long behind. He had earned his spiritual spurs while meditating in the ghost town of Bhangarh (legend has it that all the citizens of Bhangarh were killed in a great war with a neighbouring kingdom and the deserted ruins are haunted to this day by the ghosts of those who died) in Rajasthan. The locals say that the Archaeological Survey of India tried to evict him from the ruins, but they failed because, in his own words “…how can the government succeed in removing me from Bhangarh when those who live in it want me to stay?” Baba Budhnath claimed that he controlled the spirits that lived in the haunted city of Bhangarh.

Baba Budhnath isn’t easy to find but if the night is right and you happen wander around the forests of Kalighati near Sariska, and run into a small man with gray eyes, greet him with a cheery ‘Preevyet!’ or ‘Konnichiwa!’, and if he replies in kind, you’ve found your man.

The other sadhu I met was in the forests of Rukhad, in the wild heart of Madhya Pradesh, quite by chance. While tumbling along the rocky, dusty forest trail, the car’s radiator gave up the last of its smoky overheated ghost and I had to get down and look for water. Just so you know, these are forbidding forests that are home to leopards, tigers, bears and wolves. And so it was with a lot of trepidation and caution that I set out for the lazy river deep in the valley as it wound its way along the boulders.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles

Friday, May 24, 2013

Benghazi to Blackwater

Use of private contractors by US would increase human rights violations

Attacks on embassies, especially the US embassies, in conflict zones, have become a norm these days.  Incidentally, most of the embassies that were attacked were either in nations that were previously ‘invaded’ by the US or the nations where American army were found violating human rights. However, the recent attack on the US embassy in Benghazi (September 11, 2012), in which four Americans including the Ambassador Christopher Stevens, were killed, became a highly debated issue in the political corridors of the US government.

The responsibility of not safeguarding the US embassy has fallen on the Libyan government. The US government also found the State Department to be ‘understaffed’ and ‘ill-equipped’ to provide security in war zones. Moreover, ‘there was no protest prior to the attacks’ to anticipate an onslaught of such an intensity. As a result, the US government has decided to rope in private ‘Blackwater’ contractors for strengthening its security. But deploying contract security forces may not be easy.

Unlike other nations, Libyan government post-independence has banned the deployment of foreign or domestic private armed contractors on Libyan soil. The decision of the Libyan government was on the pretext that the private contractors were found committing atrocities in other nations. On September 16, 2007, Blackwater Worldwide (later Xe and now Academi) private security contractors working for the US Department of State shot dead 17 unarmed civilians and wounded 24 more in an unprovoked incident in Baghdad’s Nisoor Square.

As per a US official report released in October 2007, Blackwater employees had been involved in at least 196 fire-fights in Iraq since 2005, an average of 1.4 shootings per week and in 84 per cent of those cases – Blackwater employees opened fire first violating contract stipulation of using force only in self-defence. Thus, the State Department had to depend on local Libyan police and unarmed locals for the security of their diplomats and staff at American embassy in Libya.

Amidst all these blame games, the US government continues to use Blackwater security for its embassies in various nations in spite of accusations of using unprovoked force in Iraq and Afghanistan. Worse, these private contractors are not even prosecuted for their human rights violations. It seems private contractors would virtually close all options of the US missions on foreign soils. Presently, the US army has deployed its army (or their private security contractors) in various conflict zones in the veil of securing the resident Americans in the respective lands. Deploying private contracts further allows the US government to dodge laws and pass the bucks to the private companies in case of ‘intended’ human right violations.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles

Saturday, May 11, 2013

Is Tim Cook losing the plot?

Angry investors and bad press has done Apple much damage. Can CEO Cook do anything to pump some pride into what was until recently a mammoth $658 billion-worth corporation?

Five months into his tenure at Apple, Tim Cook invited a select group of Apple’s shareholders at the company’s conference center at 4 Infinite Loop building. The idea was to get those investors to understand the company and its new CEO better – understandably to take a step towards reducing the widespread discussion in the investor community about how weak-willed Apple had grown in the absence of ‘the’ Steve. Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer first treated them to three-quarters of an hour-long presentation, following which they were served three cookies and two cans of Coke as refreshments. Something unheard of happened at Apple that day. When Oppenheimer had played half his part, Cook quietly walked into the room, chose a seat on the last row and listened. Patiently. His iPhone 4S was on silent mode, and while his CFO spoke for 25 minutes in his presence, he did not add a word. When Oppenheimer’s presentation ended, Cook walked up the front and answered questions that investors shot at him, again with great patience. He explained matters beyond what the company’s financials showed, praised Zuckerberg and Bezos, talked about competition, and in a line assured the 15-odd heads in that room that investors in America now have the freshman CEO’s ear; much unlike Jobs who mostly believed that it was below his dignity to give answers to investors and employees. In their few and many years as Apple investors, the shareholders had never believed, seen or heard of a calm Apple CEO. Jobs wouldn’t have bothered to entertain a lot of dozen-odd investors, out on a ‘bus tour’ of Apple’s campus. Cook did. That was a month before the iPad 3’s official release. That summer (in August), Apple became the world’s most valuable public company ever (with an m-cap of $623 billion), beating the previous best of $620 billion set by Microsoft in 1999. Something that Cook had done to Apple in 12 months was making the company different, wealthier and more powerful than Jobs had in the past 14 years.

Cook was all set to blaze a trail in the world of technology. Victory in the patent infringement lawsuit against arch-rival Samsung in end-August and introduction of the iPhone 5 & iOS 6 in the second week of September, saw Apple peak on September 21, 2012. Its m-cap reached $658 billion. But that’s when the dream ended.

The six months that followed (the past half-a-year), earned Cook a bad name. Today, Apple is battling where it used to crush. Disappointing reviews of its new launches - MacBook, Siri, Apple iMap – and some grossly misguided HR strategies (like the hiring of John Browett as Head of Apple’s Retail business and his firing in 9 months flat, and the firing and rehiring of Scott Forstall, the man behind the Siri and iMaps fiascos and one who was responsible for failing to make the iOS 5 and iOS 6 seem upgrades to the previous iOS versions) have weighed heavy on Apple’s stock price.

Then of course, is the fact that Cook did little to stop the drumbeat of negativity about Apple – whether by making ‘impactful’ public appearances or by bringing to life Apple’s faded marketing mojo. It is understood that scaring investors and customers about Apple’s fast drying innovation pipeline is all a matter of ‘wrong and misguided’ print and online reporting. For those who say Apple has nothing beyond the iPhone 5 or iOS 6, pray tell us what Samsung has beyond the Galaxy S4 or what Sony has beyond the Xperia Z or what HTC has beyond the One X or what even Google has beyond a stitched-up, fragmented ecosystem of a low security-walled OS? All tech companies have a secret called a ‘laboratory’. [You bet, Apple can afford one too.

What is not true is that Apple is dying soon. What is, is that even its ads have become too product-centric, while competitors across various product categories where it exists – like Samsung, Nokia, Microsoft, Acer et al – have gone the other way (compare the recent iPhone ad to that of others and you will get the drift). Moving away from consumers towards margins and being focused only on the product is what has primarily got Cook’s peace. In the past six months, his company missed earnings targets twice (that made it three in a row – from Q3, 2012 to Q1, 2013) and it has shed 36.8% of its market value (that has fallen to $415.68 billion, as on March 28, 2013).


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
 
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Wednesday, May 8, 2013

Letters to the editor - 2012

Distinguished teamwork

Thank you for providing me with the opportunity to participate in the Inside China article (Business & Economy cover story; August 2012). I am impressed by the knowledge and expertise of the authors and the overall quality of production. Your staff did a terrific job of adding graphics, tables, photos and editorial changes to my humble story. It has received positive reviews from friends, family and colleagues for its level of professionalism and polished appearance. I especially enjoyed reading the China: Read. Learn. Repeat article by Prof. A. Sandeep, Group Editorial Director, Business & Economy. The focus on the Chinese auto industry was spot on and well written. I am pleased to be associated with such a distinguished collection of experts. Thank you once again.

Arthur C. Wheaton
Director, Western NY Labor and Environmental Programs, Cornell University ILR School

Great Issue on Reverse Innovation/Exnovation

Business & Economy’s issue on ‘Reverse Innovation/Exnovation’ (cover story for the month of October 2012) was simply great and I totally loved it. You have exactly captured the essence of reverse innovation. In my view, Reverse Innovation represents the biggest opportunity for India in sectors as diverse as transportation, energy, health care and education.

Vijay Govindarajan
Earl C. Daum 1924 Professor of International Business, Tuck School of Business


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles

Monday, May 6, 2013

Payment is made in cash or stock

M&As have always been an area of debate for business experts. However, new research explains who acquires whom, whether payment is made in cash or stock, what valuation consequences arise from mergers, and why there are merger waves

According to the study, managers with long horizons will make the best of their situation by buying more assets with their high share price while it stays high, fully exploiting their knowledge of market inefficiencies.

In the case of the technology sector in the late 1990s, smaller technology firms were willing to sell to giants such as Cisco and receive overpriced shares as payment, because of their short run horizons and the fact that they could quickly sell the Cisco stock and get access to cash. For these small firms, selling Cisco shares was much easier than trying to sell their own overpriced shares.

The Synergy Story

Mergers and acquisitions rely heavily on the perceived synergy of the combination. This synergy may simply be a story invented by investment bankers or academicians or the market, and have little to do with the reality of what drives acquisitions.

Investors want to see a real reason for the valuation, and therefore aren’t satisfied with a company admitting that it is overvalued and using its stock as currency before it crashes, because that will precipitate the crash itself. It is natural that companies will tell a synergy story even when the real cost-cutting opportunities cannot justify the premium paid.

In some cases, stories for synergy might have some validity; however, in most cases, synergy is played up and is really just a story. The real reason for an acquisition is usually the different valuations of the target and the acquirer.

In the case of AOL’s acquisition of Time-Warner using AOL stock, it is debatable whether there were some synergies, but note that there was also unquestionably a potential valuation motive for wanting the acquisition. In this case, the acquisition was an attempt by the management of overvalued AOL to buy hard assets in Time-Warner to avoid even worse long-run returns.

Besides positive perceived synergies, the advantage of acquisitions is that they contribute to the growth of earnings of the firm, and thereby help justify the high valuations. Acquisitions were part of the growth strategy of many technology firms in the ‘90s that helped keep share prices high. The alternative of simply issuing overvalued shares and parking the proceeds in cash would have quickly burst the valuation bubble of these high-flying companies.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
 
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Friday, May 3, 2013

Of hurricane Sandy & spin docs!

Out of the 15 percent electorate that has already voted early, Obama has an 8% lead over Romney (53%-45%). But it’s clear that this may not quite be the trend of things to come. Romney’s Republican are expected to chug in late for voting...

By the time you read this article, hurricane Sandy would have ensured that much of Romney and Obama’s campaigning in the last week before polling starts officially would have reduced considerably, if not completely destroyed. Hell wait, scratch Obama out of that sentence – and give the biggest backslap to Obama’s spin docs, who’ve managed a Presidential coup by exploiting Sandy the way no one – especially Romney – could have done or thought of.

Even before Sandy had hit the East Coast, Obama’s spin docs had drawn up a schedule of national emergency addresses that the President would give. What better moment to showcase the President’s heartfelt cry for the affected than a brilliantly prime-time telecast national emergency address! And right on cue, the moment Obama finished his October 29 address on Sandy at the White House in front of reporters, out popped the first question asking the President how Sandy would affect the election. Right again on cue, Obama masterfully replied, “I am not worried at this point on the impact on the election. I’m worried about the impact on families and our first responders. I’m worried about the impact on our economy and on transportation. The election will take care of itself next week.” If you’re done with the tearful applause and have already decided that this exemplary paragon of social commitment is the one you’ll vote for in the coming election, we shan’t blame you. Of course, Romney and Paul also jumped into the Sandy-relief act; but guess who gets free airtime in a state of national emergency without being questioned on it? Not them.

One doesn’t need to second guess that if Sandy had changed her path back towards the sea without hitting the coast, where the biggest gasp of disappointment would have come from! But really, all this is trivialising the fact that America has experienced one of its worst storms ever, and the US administration has really made one of the most commendable advance efforts.

Irrespective of Sandy, Obama and Romney – and their camps – are both caught in the heat of partisanship and trying their best to run their opposition down with flamboyant gallery comments. While Obama lost the first televised debate badly to Romney, but came back strongly in the second and third; replying prudently to the volley of accusations ranging from his foreign policies in the Middle East to his ineffectiveness in mending the American economy. But the slam-dunking has continued. More recently, while Romney’s campaign panned Obama as having “sold Chrysler to Italians who are going to build Jeeps in China,” Biden slammed Romney, “This guy... pirouettes more than a ballerina. Have they no shame?”

Romney has tried to harp on the most pressing questions in the minds of the electorate – of continued high unemployment and economic turmoil. Romney was also firing on all cylinders regarding the defence budget cut by Obama by around $1 trillion over the next decade. Most importantly, Romney insisted that the US is losing its role as the lone superpower and the undisputed leader of the world. With respect to the Middle East, Romney claims that while Obama is pursuing a policy of pacifying the rogue states of Iran and Syria; it should really be the other way round.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
 
2012 : DNA National B-School Survey 2012
Ranked 1st in International Exposure (ahead of all the IIMs)
Ranked 6th Overall

Zee Business Best B-School Survey 2012
Prof. Arindam Chaudhuri’s Session at IMA Indore
IIPM IN FINANCIAL TIMES, UK. FEATURE OF THE WEEK
IIPM strong hold on Placement : 10000 Students Placed in last 5 year
BBA Management Education

Thursday, May 2, 2013

National

Apple vs Samsung: patent infringement
Apple draws blood, Samsung gets a licking
It was one of Steve Jobs pet peeves. He often complained that Samsung had blatantly copied Apple’s iPhone design in its Galaxy range, and Android too was a rip-off of its iOS platform. Jobs’ outrage at rivals’ lack of respect for Apple’s intellectual property often boiled over. “I am ready to wage a thermonuclear war against Google,” he is believed to have said. Eventually, the end to the vexatious problem of Apple’s patent infringements by rivals seems to be in sight. On August 24 Apple finally scored a major legal win over Samsung in a patents lawsuit filed in a US court of law. A U.S. district court jury in San Jose, which was presided over by a South Korean American judge Lucy Koh, decided that Samsung was guilty of copying key features of the Apple’s iPhone and iPad devices. The court awarded Apple $1.051 billion in damages (Apple had demanded $2.5 billion in damages). Buoyed by the verdict, Apple is moving rapidly to press for a ban on eight models of Samsung, which are still in the market. The verdict has broader ramifications: it will help strengthen Apple’s share of the exploding mobile computing market. For many the Apple-Samsung lawsuit was widely seen as a proxy fight between Apple and Google’s Android platform, since Samsung is the largest Android handset maker. Samsung is expected to appeal the jury’s verdict, but it’s not clear how strong a case Samsung will be able to mount, given the overwhelming legal victory for Apple. Apple saw its shares climb 2% to a record high of $675 in post-verdict early trade. Samsung shares tumbled 7.5% wiping off $12 billion in value. Interestingly, Nokia saw a 10% jump in its stocks, and others like RIM and Microsoft too gained. These players own and run their own operating systems, which are different from both the iOS and Android.

Hp: turnaround Efforts
Can cost cutting help HP’s comeback?
Following a third quarterly loss of $8.9 billion for the 2012 fiscal, Hewlett-Packard, the Palo Alto, California-based computer giant is desperately looking to effect a turnaround. CEO Meg Whitman has set in motion the restructuring process, which includes cutting 27,000 employees or 8% of its global workforce by 2014. The move comes in the wake of a challenging business scenario which saw HP face up to a failed tablet launch apart from chronic reverses suffered by its PC unit. Whitman, who succeeded the ineffectual Leo Apotheker as president and CEO last September, has vowed to turn HP around but has consistently warned that the process could take years. The downsizing at HP is expected to generate annualized savings of $3-3.5 billion for the company. As for its financial performance, the company has showed a profit of $1 per share, slightly better than expected, while revenues were below the forecast at $29.7 billion, a year-to-year drop of 5%. During the quarter, the company has taken important steps to focus on strategic priorities, manage costs, drive organizational change, and improve the balance sheet.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
 

Friday, April 26, 2013

The ‘Quiet Leader’ – and how to be one

Traits and critical roles of ‘quiet leaders’ who are often not at the top and don’t enjoy the spotlight. An interview with Martha Lagace of HBS Working Knowledge

Question: You write that one inspiration for your book titled, ‘Leading Quietly: An Unorthodox Guide to Doing the Right Thing’ was the unusual course you’ve been teaching MBA students on moral leadership in organisations. What is a quiet leader? Is quiet leadership a topic you had been thinking about before?
Joseph L. Badaracco (JLB):
I don’t think I really started thinking about it until just a few years ago. There were two things that prompted me to do so. One is that I had written a book called ‘Defining Moments: When Managers Must Choose Between Right and Right’ (HBS Press) which is about big deal, high-stake, traumatic decisions. And there was a natural question: “Is this all there is to writing about difficult ethical decisions?” Or put differently, what happens in between the big decisions – which don’t come along very often? For some people they come along very, very infrequently. Does this mean these people are on vacation the rest of the time? So that was one question that was in my mind. In the course, so many of the people in the works of fiction we read – who aspire to greatness or who achieve greatness – end up badly. There’s the age-old myth of Icarus trying to fly too close to the sun, and there is the suggestion that there is something dangerous about the pursuit of greatness. And at the same time while you read books and plays there are other characters, I noticed, who were what I came to call quiet leaders. You also end up defining quiet leaders almost through a series of negatives. They’re not making high-stakes decisions. They’re often not at the top of organisations. They don’t have the spotlight and publicity on them. They think of themselves modestly; they often don’t even think of themselves as leaders. But they are acting quietly, effectively, with political astuteness, to basically make things somewhat better, sometimes much better than they would otherwise be. Sometimes a few people were aware of what they did; sometimes nobody is aware of what they did. There aren’t medal ceremonies and often the people involved don’t think they would deserve one if the medals were being given out. But often they’re people, I found… in the cases I looked at carefully, who find that some situation or problem or difficulty affecting a person, affecting an organisation, is really bothering them; it gets under their skin. While other people would say, “Hey, why are you getting carried away about this?”, they care about it. They commit themselves and keep working tenaciously, so that over a period of time they find some ways to get stuff done.

Question: When most people think of leaders, they think of real brash types, even rebels. In business, for example, Jack Welch springs to mind as a well-known leader. The idea of a quiet leader seems almost the flip side of that.
JLB:
It is the flip side of a standard or stereotypical view of a leader who speaks the truth or says what has to be done, who inspires others to do it in a critical moment. But I’m sceptical that in the countless meetings Jack Welch spent his career going to, in each one of these meetings it was the Jack Welch Show, and that he heard what everybody had to say and then announced the right thing and inspired everybody to do it. You have the famous example of Rosa Parks (an African-American civil rights activist), saying, “I’m not sitting in the back of the bus.” Well, while that was a remarkable act of courage on her part, and in some degree was kind of a spontaneous event, she’d just had enough of this kind of treatment from one particular bus driver. She’d even stopped riding on his bus and got on by accident. She’d been to a number of civil rights training programs. After she was arrested, the people in the civil rights movement asked themselves, “Is this the right person... is this the right case to challenge segregated busing?” So there’s a lot of preparatory work and a lot of work afterwards. Quiet leadership is not really the flip side. If you look behind lots of great heroic leaders, you find them doing lots of quiet, patient work themselves.



Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles
 

Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Letters to the Editor

Excellent magazine
Business & Economy is an excellent magazine. The amount of hard work that has gone into the entire exercise shows. The best thing about the document is the real clarity in terms of mapping of cities wherein all aspects of the market have been covered in simple terms. The visual appeal is brilliant and this is a great reference point for a layperson. It has some of the best financial articles I’ve ever read. The articles are deep, academic, and extremely well thought out. Business & Economy is intellectual, extensive and insightful. Articles range from macroeconomic trends to stock market trends to business news stories. I also wish 4Ps Business & Marketing all the best in their endeavor towards empowering people with invaluable information in one place.

Navin Raheja
Chairman, Raheja Developers Ltd.

A note of thanks
Thank you (for reviewing my book, Reverse Innovation) . That’s my simple message to my network of friends & supporters.

Since the launch, our new book Reverse Innovation: Create Far From Home, Win Everywhere, has appeared on several best seller lists:   Best Seller (#7), USA Today Best Seller (#1) & Wall Street Journal Business Best Seller (#1).

The dynamics of global commerce are changing quickly. I am hopeful that Reverse Innovation will have tremendous impact, both on global corporations and their customers in the developing world.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2013.
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri
 
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles